❑Aim of Phase 2. System- level Design

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❑ Product architecture – what is it?

❑ Modular and integral architecture

❑ Implications of product architecture

❑ Role of the product architecture team

4-step method for establishing the product architecture

❑ Key outcomes


1⃣Product Architecture(产品架构)

  • Meaning:the scheme by which the functional elements of the product are arranged into physical chunks and by which the chunks (块)interact

  • allow the detailed design and testing of these physical blocks to be assigned to teams, individuals, and/or suppliers

  • chunks: contains physical elements of a product, made up of a collection of components which implement of the functions of the product

2⃣Modular & integral architecture

is key characteristic

1.Modular

  • Each chunk implements one or a few functions entirely.

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  • interactions between chunks are well defined.

  • simplicity and reusability

three main types:

  • Slot-modular (the most common type)

different type of interface, various chunks cannot be

interchanged

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  • Bus-modular

common bus to which the other chunks connect via the same type of interface

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  • Sectional-modular

    interfaces are of the same type,no single element to which all the other chunks attach

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2.Integral

  • Functional elements are implemented by multiple chunks, or a chunk may implement many functions

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  • interactions between chunks are poorly defined

  • increases performance and reduces costs

3.integral and modular apply at several levels:

​ ⚫ System

​ ⚫ Sub-system

​ ⚫ Component

3⃣Implications of product architecture

1.Product change

Modular chunks allow changes to be made to a few isolated functional elements of the product without affecting others

2.Product variety

  • Range of product models within a particular time period

  • in response to market demand

Products built can be more easily varied

3.Component standardisation

The use of the same component or chunk in multiple products

4.Product performance

How well a product implements its intended functions

5.Manufacturability

ability of the team to design each chunk to be produced at low cost

6.Product development management

Responsibility is usually assigned to a relatively small group

4⃣Role of Product Architecture Team

⚫ subsequent product development activities

⚫ manufacturing and marketing of the product

5⃣The 4 step method

Step 1 – Create a schematic of the product

  • A schematic representes the team’s best understanding of the component elements of the product

Step 2 – Cluster the elements of the schematic

  • assigning and/or clusteringeach of the elements of the schematic to a chunk

  • functionality split

  • factors should be considered:

  1. Geometric integration and precision
  2. Function sharing
  3. Capabilities of vendors
  4. Similarity of design or production technology
  5. Localisation of change
  6. Accommodating variety
  7. Enabling standardisation

Step 3 - Create a rough geometric layout

2 or 3 dimensions or as physical models

Step 4 - Identify the fundamental and incidental interactions

two categories of interaction:

  1. Fundamental

those which correspond to the lines on the schematic that connect the chunks to one another

  1. Incidental
  • physical implementation of functional elements

  • geometric arrangement of the chunks

6⃣Key Outcomes

⚫ an approximate geometric layout of the product

descriptions of the major chunks

⚫ documentation of the key interactions among the chunks