产品开发 topic 7

❑Aim of Phase 2. System- level Design

❑ Product architecture – what is it?

❑ Modular and integral architecture

❑ Implications of product architecture

❑ Role of the product architecture team

❑ 4-step method for establishing the product architecture

❑ Key outcomes

1️⃣Product Architecture(产品架构)

Meaning：the scheme by which the functional elements of the product are arranged into physical chunks and by which the chunks (块)interact
allow the detailed design and testing of these physical blocks to be assigned to teams, individuals, and/or suppliers
chunks: contains physical elements of a product, made up of a collection of components which implement of the functions of the product

2️⃣Modular & integral architecture

is key characteristic

1.Modular

Each chunk implements one or a few functions entirely.

interactions between chunks are well defined.
simplicity and reusability

three main types：

Slot-modular (the most common type)

different type of interface, various chunks cannot be

interchanged

Bus-modular

common bus to which the other chunks connect via the same type of interface

Sectional-modular

interfaces are of the same type,no single element to which all the other chunks attach

2.Integral

Functional elements are implemented by multiple chunks, or a chunk may implement many functions

interactions between chunks are poorly defined
increases performance and reduces costs

3.integral and modular apply at several levels:

⚫ System

⚫ Sub-system

⚫ Component

3️⃣Implications of product architecture

1.Product change

Modular chunks allow changes to be made to a few isolated functional elements of the product without affecting others

2.Product variety

Range of product models within a particular time period
in response to market demand

Products built can be more easily varied

3.Component standardisation

The use of the same component or chunk in multiple products

4.Product performance

How well a product implements its intended functions

5.Manufacturability

ability of the team to design each chunk to be produced at low cost

6.Product development management

Responsibility is usually assigned to a relatively small group

4️⃣Role of Product Architecture Team

⚫ subsequent product development activities

⚫ manufacturing and marketing of the product

5️⃣The 4 step method

Step 1 – Create a schematic of the product

A schematic representes the team’s best understanding of the component elements of the product

Step 2 – Cluster the elements of the schematic

assigning and/or clusteringeach of the elements of the schematic to a chunk
functionality split
factors should be considered:

Geometric integration and precision
Function sharing
Capabilities of vendors
Similarity of design or production technology
Localisation of change
Accommodating variety
Enabling standardisation

Step 3 - Create a rough geometric layout

2 or 3 dimensions or as physical models

Step 4 - Identify the fundamental and incidental interactions

two categories of interaction：

Fundamental：

those which correspond to the lines on the schematic that connect the chunks to one another

Incidental：

physical implementation of functional elements
geometric arrangement of the chunks

6️⃣Key Outcomes

⚫ an approximate geometric layout of the product

⚫ descriptions of the major chunks

⚫ documentation of the key interactions among the chunks